(Unicode C++) Generate Encryption Key

Discusses symmetric encryption key generation techniques for block encryption algorithms such as AES, Blowfish, and Twofish, or for other algorithms such as ChaCha20.

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#include <CkCrypt2W.h>
#include <CkPrngW.h>

void ChilkatSample(void)
    {
    // Symmetric encryption algorithms are such that the encryptor and decryptor
    // share a pre-known secret key.  This could be a "single-use" key that is 
    // derived from a secure key exchange algorithm using RSA, ECC, or Diffie-Hellman,
    // or it could be a password known to both sides, or
    // it could simply be the binary bytes of the secret key known in advance on both
    // sides.

    // A secret key has no structure.  It's nothing more than N bytes of data.
    // It should typically be random data, or bytes that resemble random data such
    // as the hash of a password.

    // The number of bytes in the secret key defines the bit-strength of an encryption
    // algorithm.  For example, AES with a 32-byte key is 256-bit AES.  Most algorithms
    // define restrictions on key sizes.  For example, AES has 3 choices: 128-bit, 192-bit,
    // or 256-bit.  In the ChaCha20 algorithm, the key size must always be 256-bits (32-bytes).

    // Both sides (encryptor and decryptor) must be in possession of the same secret key
    // in order to communicate.   Whichever side generates the key, it must somehow
    // deliver the key to the other side beforehand.  Key exchange algorithms, such as RSA, ECC,
    // and Diffie-Hellman define secure ways of exchanging symmetric encryption keys.
    // They do so using asymmetric encryption algorithms (public/private keys).  It is not
    // required to use a key exchange algorithm to achieve the goal of having both sides
    // in possession of the same secret key.  A long-living secret key could be exchanged
    // via any secure out-of-band means.  For example, exchanging the information over a secure
    // TLS (HTTPS) or SSH connection...

    // This example assumes the Chilkat API to have been previously unlocked.
    // See Global Unlock Sample for sample code.

    bool success;

    CkCrypt2W crypt;
    crypt.put_CryptAlgorithm(L"aes");
    crypt.put_KeyLength(256);

    // Generate a 32-byte random secret key,
    // and use it in the crypt object.
    CkPrngW prng;
    const wchar_t *secretKeyHex = prng.genRandom(32,L"hex");
    // It is important that the number of bytes in the secret key
    // matches the value specified in the KeyLength property (above).
    crypt.SetEncodedKey(secretKeyHex,L"hex");
    wprintf(L"randomly generated key: %s\n",secretKeyHex);

    // Alternatively, a password could be hashed using a hash algorithm
    // the results in the desired key length.  Our desired key length
    // in this case is 32 bytes, so we wouldn't want MD5 (16 bytes),
    // nor would we want to use SHA-1 (20 bytes).  SHA256 would be the
    // hash of choice because it results in 32-bytes of random-looking
    // key material.
    crypt.put_HashAlgorithm(L"SHA256");
    crypt.put_EncodingMode(L"hex");
    secretKeyHex = crypt.hashStringENC(L"mypassword");
    crypt.SetEncodedKey(secretKeyHex,L"hex");
    wprintf(L"password-based key: %s\n",secretKeyHex);
    }