(Swift 2) Tips on Matching Encryption with another System

This example provides tips on matching encryption results produced by another system.

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func chilkatTest() {
    // This example assumes the Chilkat API to have been previously unlocked.
    // See Global Unlock Sample for sample code.

    let crypt = CkoCrypt2()

    // Let's examine 256-bit AES encryption in CBC mode.
    // CBC mode is Cipher Block Chaining, and it uses an IV (initialization vector)
    crypt.CryptAlgorithm = "aes"
    crypt.CipherMode = "cbc"
    crypt.KeyLength = 256
    crypt.PaddingScheme = 0
    var ivHex1: String? = "000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F"
    var ivHex2: String? = "FF0102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F"
    crypt.SetEncodedIV(ivHex1, encoding: "hex")
    var keyHex: String? = "000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F"
    crypt.SetEncodedKey(keyHex, encoding: "hex")

    // Matching encryption requires all of the above settings to be matched exactly.
    // Let's get our output in hex format so we can easily see the values of the encrypted bytes.
    crypt.EncodingMode = "hex"

    // Encrypt something small:
    print("\(crypt.EncryptStringENC("Hello"))")
    // The result is 5B827AB3B4F9F2292C2B74C8A6C99A3D
    // This 16 bytes -- exactly one AES encryption block.

    // Let's change only the padding scheme.
    crypt.PaddingScheme = 3

    // Encrypt again:
    print("\(crypt.EncryptStringENC("Hello"))")
    // The result is entirely different: 469C28CC576069F807891FEE2DE76D68

    // The padding scheme only affects the very last block of output.  Therefore,
    // if all settings match except for the padding scheme, we're unable to
    // know if we encrypt a very small amount of data. However, if we encrypt
    // a larger amount of data, the single difference becomes apparent:
    print("-- Only the padding scheme differs --")
    crypt.PaddingScheme = 0
    print("\(crypt.EncryptStringENC("HelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHello"))")
    crypt.PaddingScheme = 3
    print("\(crypt.EncryptStringENC("HelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHello"))")

    // Now examine the outputs:
    // F6A201F8E0B6595FA20E4A212A2AD9A5046DAF29E8B35AD15CEE56A1A69F2A3A7B347A7C15E26E7A6760533C7A8E0D44
    // F6A201F8E0B6595FA20E4A212A2AD9A5046DAF29E8B35AD15CEE56A1A69F2A3A292CA61D03A85E1AC39B50D4DA71691E
    // We can see the output matches except for the last block, which is affected by the padding scheme.

    // If we are able to easily use ECB mode w/ the other system
    // we are trying to match, then eliminate the IV from the picture.
    // If the encryption matches in ECB mode, but not in CBC mode,
    // then we know all correct except for the IV.
    // For example, you can see how the IV changes everything with CBC mode,
    // but it's not used in ECB mode:
    crypt.PaddingScheme = 0
    crypt.CipherMode = "cbc"
    print("-- Only the IV differs, CBC mode produces different output. --")
    crypt.SetEncodedIV(ivHex1, encoding: "hex")
    print("\(crypt.EncryptStringENC("HelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHello"))")
    crypt.SetEncodedIV(ivHex2, encoding: "hex")
    print("\(crypt.EncryptStringENC("HelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHello"))")

    crypt.CipherMode = "ecb"
    print("-- Only the IV differs, ECB does not use the IV.  The outputs are the same. --")
    crypt.SetEncodedIV(ivHex1, encoding: "hex")
    print("\(crypt.EncryptStringENC("HelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHello"))")
    crypt.SetEncodedIV(ivHex2, encoding: "hex")
    print("\(crypt.EncryptStringENC("HelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHello"))")

    // If we can eliminate the padding scheme and IV from the degrees of freedom,
    // then the only remaining likely differences are (1) the secret key,
    // and (2) the input data itself.

    // The secret key is composed of binary bytes of exactly KeyLength bits.
    // For 256-bit AES encrytion, the key length is 256, and therefore the 
    // secret key is exactly 32 bytes.  (32 * 8 bits/byte = 256 bits)
    // If the secret key is derived from an arbitrary password string, then one must
    // exactly duplicate the derivation scheme (such as PBKDF2, for example)
    // The input bytes to the derivation scheme must also match.  For example,
    // is it the utf-8 byte representation of the password string that is used
    // as the starting point for the derivation, or perhaps utf-16, or ANSI (1 byte per char)?

    // Likewise, if the data being encrypted is a string, what byte representation of
    // the string is being encrypted?  If the bytes presented to the encryptor are different,
    // then the output is different.

}