(PowerShell) Efficiently Process a Huge XML File

Demonstrates a technique for processing a huge XML file (can be any size, even many gigabytes).

Note: This example requires Chilkat v9.5.0.80 or greater.

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Add-Type -Path "C:\chilkat\ChilkatDotNet47-9.5.0-x64\ChilkatDotNet47.dll"

# This example shows a way to efficiently process a gigantic XML file -- one that may be too large
# to fit in memory.  
# 
# Two types of XML parsers exist: DOM parsers and SAX parsers.

# A DOM parser is a Document Object Model parser, where the entire XML is loaded into memory
# and the application has the luxury of interacting with the XML in a convenient, random-access
# way.  The Chilkat Xml class is a DOM parser.  Because the entire XML is loaded into memory,
# huge XML files (on the order of gigabytes) are usually not loadable for memory constraints.

# A SAX parser is such that the XML file is parsed as an input stream.  No DOM exists.  
# Using a SAX parser is generally less palatable than using a DOM parser, for many reasons.
# 
# The technique described here is a hybrid.  It streams the XML file as unstructured text
# to extract fragments that are individually treated as separate XML documents loaded into
# the Chilkat Xml parser.
# 
# For example, imagine your XML file is several GBs in size, but has a relatively simple structure, such as:
# 
# <Transactions>
#     <Transaction id="1">
#          ...
#     </Transaction>
#     <Transaction id="2">
#          ...
#     </Transaction>
#     <Transaction id="3">
#          ...
#     </Transaction>
# ...
# </Transactions>

# In the following code, each <Transaction ...> ... </Transaction>
# is extracted and loaded separately into an Xml object, where it can be manipulated
# independently.  The entire XML file is never entirely loaded into memory.

$fac = New-Object Chilkat.FileAccess

$success = $fac.OpenForRead("qa_data/xml/transactions.xml")
if ($success -eq $false) {
    $($fac.LastErrorText)
    exit
}

$xml = New-Object Chilkat.Xml
$sb = New-Object Chilkat.StringBuilder
$firstIteration = $true
$retval = 1
$numTransactions = 0

# The begin marker is "XML tag aware".  If the begin marker begins with "<"
# and ends with ">", then it is assumed to be an XML tag and it will also match
# substrings where the ">" can be a whitespace char.
$beginMarker = "<Transaction>"
$endMarker = "</Transaction>"

while ($retval -eq 1) {
    $sb.Clear()
    # The retval can have the following values:
    # 0: No more fragments exist.
    # 1: Captured the next fragment.  The text from beginMarker to endMarker, including the markers, are returned in sb.
    # -1: Error.
    $retval = $fac.ReadNextFragment($firstIteration,$beginMarker,$endMarker,"utf-8",$sb)
    $firstIteration = $false

    if ($retval -eq 1) {
        $numTransactions = $numTransactions + 1
        $success = $xml.LoadSb($sb,$true)
        # Your application may now do what it needs with this particular XML fragment...
    }

}

if ($retval -lt 0) {
    $($fac.LastErrorText)
}

$("numTransactions: " + $numTransactions)