(PowerShell) RSA Encrypting Symmetric Secret Key

The RSA encryption algorithm is computationally expensive. It is not the best choice for encrypting large amounts of data. Symmetric encryption algorithms such as AES (i.e. Rijndael) or Blowfish are much more efficient. A typical application scenario is that you want to send encrypted messages to a partner, but you don't want to send the symmetric key unprotected. A solution is to generate a public/private RSA key pair and provide your partner with the public key (in advance). You may then encrypt the symmetric algorithm's key using the RSA private key. Next, encrypt the message using the symmetric algorithm, and send your partner both the encrypted key and encrypted message. Your partner decrypts by first RSA decrypting the key, and then uses the decrypted symmetric key to decrypt the message content.

Note: This example requires Chilkat v11.0.0 or greater.

Chilkat .NET Downloads Chilkat .NET Assemblies

Add-Type -Path "C:\chilkat\ChilkatDotNet47-x64\ChilkatDotNet47.dll"

$success = $false

# This example assumes the Chilkat API to have been previously unlocked.
# See Global Unlock Sample for sample code.

$rsa = New-Object Chilkat.Rsa

# Load a public/private key pair from a .snk key file.
# Assume you have already provided your partner with 
# the public key part of the key pair.
$xmlKey = $rsa.SnkToXml("qa_data/rsaKeys/test.snk")
if ($rsa.LastMethodSuccess -eq $false) {
    $($rsa.LastErrorText)
    exit
}

$pubKey = New-Object Chilkat.PublicKey
$success = $pubKey.LoadFromString($xmlKey)
if ($success -eq $false) {
    $($pubKey.LastErrorText)
    exit
}

$rsa.UsePublicKey($pubKey)

# Our message data will be encrypted using 128-bit AES
# encryption, using CBC (cipher-block chaining).
$crypt = New-Object Chilkat.Crypt2
$crypt.CryptAlgorithm = "aes"
$crypt.CipherMode = "cbc"
$crypt.KeyLength = 128

# Generate 128-bit (16 bytes) secret key and return as a hex string.
$crypt.EncodingMode = "hex"
$secretKey = $crypt.GenRandomBytesENC(16)
$("Unencrypted Key: " + $secretKey)

# Use the key we generated:
$crypt.SetEncodedKey($secretKey,"hex")

# RSA encrypt the secret key and return as a hex string:
$rsa.EncodingMode = "hex"
$bUsePrivateKey = $false
$encryptedKey = $rsa.EncryptStringENC($secretKey,$bUsePrivateKey)

# Symmetric encrypt a message.  For this example the message
# is very short, but typically this is where a large amount
# of data may be encrypted.
$crypt.EncodingMode = "base64"
$encryptedText = $crypt.EncryptStringENC("Hello World!")

# Show our encrypted key and encrypted text:
$("Encrypted Key: " + $encryptedKey)
$("Encrypted Text: " + $encryptedText)

# Assume we sent these strings to our partner...

# Here's what we do at the partner end:
$privKey = New-Object Chilkat.PrivateKey
$success = $privKey.LoadXml($xmlKey)
if ($success -eq $false) {
    $($privKey.LastErrorText)
    exit
}

$rsa.UsePrivateKey($privKey)

# First, decrypt the encryptedKey:
$bUsePrivateKey = $true
$decryptedKey = $rsa.DecryptStringENC($encryptedKey,$bUsePrivateKey)
$("Decrypted Key: " + $decryptedKey)

# Set our crypt object's properties and secret key:
$crypt2 = New-Object Chilkat.Crypt2
$crypt2.CryptAlgorithm = "aes"
$crypt2.CipherMode = "cbc"
$crypt2.KeyLength = 128
$crypt2.EncodingMode = "base64"
$crypt2.SetEncodedKey($decryptedKey,"hex")

# Decrypt the message:
$decryptedText = $crypt2.DecryptStringENC($encryptedText)
$("Decrypted Text: " + $decryptedText)