(C++) Duplicate PHP's openssl_encrypt and openssl_random_pseudo_bytes

Demonstrates how to duplicate PHP's openssl_encrypt function. (https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.openssl-encrypt.php)

For more information, see https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.openssl-encrypt.php

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#include <CkCrypt2.h>
#include <CkBinData.h>

void ChilkatSample(void)
    {
    // This example requires the Chilkat API to have been previously unlocked.
    // See Global Unlock Sample for sample code.

    // Duplicates thw following PHP script:

    // $text = "This is a test";
    // $passphrase = "my password";
    // $iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length("AES-256-CBC"));
    // $crypted = base64_encode($iv.openssl_encrypt($text, "AES-256-CBC", $passphrase, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv));
    // echo $crypted;

    bool success;
    CkCrypt2 crypt;

    const char *text = "This is a test";
    const char *passphrase = "my password";

    // AES is a block cipher.  The IV size for any block cipher is the size of the block, which is defined by the encryption algorithm. 
    // For AES, the block size is always 16 bytes, regardless of key size (i.e. 128-bits, 192-bits, or 256-bits).
    // Therefore, generate 16 random bytes for the IV.
    crypt.put_EncodingMode("base64");
    const char *ivBase64 = crypt.genRandomBytesENC(16);

    std::cout << "Generated IV = " << ivBase64 << "\r\n";

    // Because we're doing AES-256-CBC, the key length must be 256-bits (i.e. 32 bytes).
    // Given that our passphrase is a us-ascii string that can be shorter or longer than 32-bytes, we need to 
    // somehow transform the passphrase to a 32-byte secret key.  We need to know what openssl_encrypt does.
    // Here's the answer from the openssl_encrypt documentation:
    // 
    // "If the passphrase is shorter than expected, it is silently padded with NUL characters; 
    // if the passphrase is longer than expected, it is silently truncated."

    // OK.... so let's pad or shorten to get a 32-byte key.
    CkBinData bdKey;
    bdKey.AppendString(passphrase,"utf-8");

    int sz = bdKey.get_NumBytes();
    if (sz > 32) {
        bdKey.RemoveChunk(32,sz - 32);
    }
    else {
        bdKey.Clear();
        bdKey.AppendPadded(passphrase,"utf-8",false,32);
    }

    // Setup for encryption.
    crypt.put_CryptAlgorithm("aes");
    crypt.put_KeyLength(256);
    crypt.SetEncodedIV(ivBase64,"base64");
    crypt.SetEncodedKey(bdKey.getEncoded("base64"),"base64");

    // Encrypt and base64 encode.
    const char *cipherText64 = crypt.encryptStringENC(text);

    // The PHP code fragment above returns the base64 encoded bytes of the IV and the encrypted text.
    // So let's do that..
    CkBinData bd;
    bd.AppendEncoded(ivBase64,"base64");
    bd.AppendEncoded(cipherText64,"base64");
    const char *result = bd.getEncoded("base64");

    std::cout << "result = " << result << "\r\n";

    // Sample output:
    // dN0vS1O0cWi5BbLAAY+NTf7bs3S27xzPf11RkG47sjs=

    // Now let's decrypt from the output...

    // Setup for decryption.
    crypt.put_CryptAlgorithm("aes");
    crypt.put_KeyLength(256);
    crypt.SetEncodedKey(bdKey.getEncoded("base64"),"base64");

    CkBinData bdResult;
    bdResult.AppendEncoded(result,"base64");
    crypt.SetEncodedIV(bdResult.getEncodedChunk(0,16,"base64"),"base64");

    // Remove the IV (first 16 bytes) from the result.
    bdResult.RemoveChunk(0,16);
    success = crypt.DecryptBd(bdResult);
    const char *originalText = bdResult.getString("utf-8");

    std::cout << "original text = " << originalText << "\r\n";
    }