(C++) Office365 OAuth2 Access Token for SMTP, IMAP, POP

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Demonstrates how to get an OAuth2 access token for use in the SMTP, IMAP, and POP3 protocols.

Note: It is only the initial access token that must be obtained interactively using a browser (see the code and comments below). Once the initial OAuth2 access token is obtained, then it can refreshed indefinitely with no user interaction.

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#include <CkOAuth2.h>
#include <CkJsonObject.h>
#include <CkFileAccess.h>

void ChilkatSample(void)
    {
    // This example requires the Chilkat API to have been previously unlocked.
    // See Global Unlock Sample for sample code.

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Important:  Setup your App Registration in Azure beforehand.  
    // 
    // See Create Azure App Registration for use with IMAP, POP3, and SMTP
    // 
    // Also, a detail that is often missed.  Make sure to specify "Web" for your Redirect URI.
    // See Solution for Azure OAuth2 Error: Public clients can't send a client secret.
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CkOAuth2 oauth2;
    bool success;

    // This should be the port in the localhost callback URL for your app.  
    // The callback URL would look like "http://localhost:3017/" if the port number is 3017.
    oauth2.put_ListenPort(3017);

    // Specify your OAuth2 authorization and token endpoints
    // Replace "xxxxxxxxxx-71bf-4ebe-a866-738364321bf2" with your tenant ID, 
    // or one of the following keywords: "common", "organizations", "consumers".
    // 
    // For more information about the /authorize endpoint, see Microsoft identity platform and OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow 

    oauth2.put_AuthorizationEndpoint("https://login.microsoftonline.com/xxxxxxxxxx-71bf-4ebe-a866-738364321bf2/oauth2/v2.0/authorize");
    oauth2.put_TokenEndpoint("https://login.microsoftonline.com/xxxxxxxxxx-71bf-4ebe-a866-738364321bf2/oauth2/v2.0/token");

    // Replace these with actual values.
    oauth2.put_ClientId("CLIENT_ID");
    oauth2.put_ClientSecret("CLIENT_SECRET");

    oauth2.put_CodeChallenge(false);

    // Provide a SPACE separated list of scopes.
    // Important: The offline_access scope is needed to get a refresh token.
    oauth2.put_Scope("openid profile offline_access https://outlook.office365.com/SMTP.Send https://outlook.office365.com/POP.AccessAsUser.All https://outlook.office365.com/IMAP.AccessAsUser.All");

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Note: It is only the initial access token that must be obtained interactively using a browser.  
    // Once the initial OAuth2 access token is obtained, then it can refreshed indefinitely with no user interaction.
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------

    // Begin the OAuth2 three-legged flow.  This returns a URL that should be loaded in a browser.
    const char *url = oauth2.startAuth();
    if (oauth2.get_LastMethodSuccess() != true) {
        std::cout << oauth2.lastErrorText() << "\r\n";
        return;
    }

    // At this point, your application should load the URL in a browser.
    // For example, 
    // in C#: System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(url);
    // in Java: Desktop.getDesktop().browse(new URI(url));
    // in VBScript: Set wsh=WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
    //              wsh.Run url
    // in Xojo: ShowURL(url)  (see http://docs.xojo.com/index.php/ShowURL)
    // in Dataflex: Runprogram Background "c:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" sUrl        
    // The Microsoft account owner would interactively accept or deny the authorization request.

    // Add the code to load the url in a web browser here...
    // Add the code to load the url in a web browser here...
    // Add the code to load the url in a web browser here...

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Note: Read about how browser caching of credentials can cause problems.
    // See OAuth2 Browser Caching Credentials
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------

    // Now wait for the authorization.
    // We'll wait for a max of 90 seconds.
    int numMsWaited = 0;
    while ((numMsWaited < 90000) && (oauth2.get_AuthFlowState() < 3)) {
        oauth2.SleepMs(100);
        numMsWaited = numMsWaited + 100;
    }

    // If there was no response from the browser within 30 seconds, then 
    // the AuthFlowState will be equal to 1 or 2.
    // 1: Waiting for Redirect. The OAuth2 background thread is waiting to receive the redirect HTTP request from the browser.
    // 2: Waiting for Final Response. The OAuth2 background thread is waiting for the final access token response.
    // In that case, cancel the background task started in the call to StartAuth.
    if (oauth2.get_AuthFlowState() < 3) {
        oauth2.Cancel();
        std::cout << "No response from the browser!" << "\r\n";
        return;
    }

    // Check the AuthFlowState to see if authorization was granted, denied, or if some error occurred
    // The possible AuthFlowState values are:
    // 3: Completed with Success. The OAuth2 flow has completed, the background thread exited, and the successful JSON response is available in AccessTokenResponse property.
    // 4: Completed with Access Denied. The OAuth2 flow has completed, the background thread exited, and the error JSON is available in AccessTokenResponse property.
    // 5: Failed Prior to Completion. The OAuth2 flow failed to complete, the background thread exited, and the error information is available in the FailureInfo property.
    if (oauth2.get_AuthFlowState() == 5) {
        std::cout << "OAuth2 failed to complete." << "\r\n";
        std::cout << oauth2.failureInfo() << "\r\n";
        return;
    }

    if (oauth2.get_AuthFlowState() == 4) {
        std::cout << "OAuth2 authorization was denied." << "\r\n";
        std::cout << oauth2.accessTokenResponse() << "\r\n";
        return;
    }

    if (oauth2.get_AuthFlowState() != 3) {
        std::cout << "Unexpected AuthFlowState:" << oauth2.get_AuthFlowState() << "\r\n";
        return;
    }

    std::cout << "OAuth2 authorization granted!" << "\r\n";
    std::cout << "Access Token = " << oauth2.accessToken() << "\r\n";

    // Get the full JSON response:
    CkJsonObject json;
    json.Load(oauth2.accessTokenResponse());
    json.put_EmitCompact(false);

    // The JSON response looks like this:
    // 
    // {
    //   "token_type": "Bearer",
    //   "scope": "IMAP.AccessAsUser.All openid POP.AccessAsUser.All profile SMTP.Send email",
    //   "expires_in": 3599,
    //   "ext_expires_in": 3599,
    //   "access_token": "...",
    //   "refresh_token": "...",
    //   "id_token": "...",
    //   "expires_on": "1592748507"
    // }

    std::cout << json.emit() << "\r\n";

    // Save the JSON to a file for future requests.
    CkFileAccess fac;
    fac.WriteEntireTextFile("qa_data/tokens/office365.json",json.emit(),"utf-8",false);
    }